Spelt
Persuasive technology (PT) can assist in behavior change. PT systems often rely on user models, based on behavior and self-report data, to personalize their function- alities and thereby increase efficiency. This review paper shows how physiological measurements could be used to further improve user models for personalization of PT by means of bio-cybernetic loops and data-driven approaches. Furthermore, we outline the advantages of using physiological measures for personalization compared to self-report and behavior measurement. Additionally, we show how two types of physiological information—physiological states and physiological reactivity—can be relevant for PT adaptations. To illustrate this, we present a model with two types of physiology-based PT adaptations as part of a bio-cybernetic loop; state-based and reactivity-based. Next, we discuss the implications of physiology-aware PT for per- suasive design and theory. And lastly, because of the potential impact of such systems, we also consider important ethical implications of physiology-aware PT. B Hanne A. A. Spelt [hanne.spelt@philips.com](mailto:hanne.spelt@philips.com); [h.a.a.spelt@tue.nl](mailto:h.a.a.spelt@tue.nl) Joyce H. D. M. Westerink [joyce.westerink@philips.com](mailto:joyce.westerink@philips.com); [j.h.d.m.westerink@tue.nl](mailto:j.h.d.m.westerink@tue.nl) Lily Frank [l.e.frank@tue.nl](mailto:l.e.frank@tue.nl) Jaap Ham [j.r.c.ham@tue.nl](mailto:j.r.c.ham@tue.nl) Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn [w.a.ijsselsteijn@tue.nl](mailto:w.a.ijsselsteijn@tue.nl) 1 Digital Engagement, Cognition & Behavior Group, Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands 2 Human-Technology Interaction Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands 3 Philosophy & Ethics Group, Faculty Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands 123 134 H. A. A. Spelt et al.